Gender Roles And The Japanese Culture - 924 Words

There are many different genres of manga. Each and every one of these genres has faced changes as the years progress due to the culture of Japan changing. Things like political changes, social changes, foreign influences and the like have all affect the Japanese culture. The changing culture made way for new ideas to be brought into manga. Two genres in particular have been affected by these changes, shounen and shoujo manga. Shounen manga is defined as being made for young boys. On the other hand, shoujo manga is defined as a being geared towards young girls. Cultural changes have affected shounen and shoujo manga in the portrayal of sexuality, gender roles, and the promotion of other aspects of daily life that were never truly looked at†¦show more content†¦This was due to American occupation post-WW2. Americans feared the war propaganda of the 1930s and ‘40s. The sub-genre began making its way back during the late ‘50s and early ‘60s. However it had sign ificantly changed, â€Å"Many of these new stories focused on the positive aspects of war: heroism and bravery against insurmountable odds and often impossible circumstances (Johnson-Woods).† It showed the struggles of the civilians as well as the soldiers in war torn countries. Horror has also become a very popular sub-genre in shounen mangas. A few of them feature the horrors of the Japanese school system. Death Note is one example of an extremely popular horror manga in the broader shounen genre. Other popular genres include historical manga which usually coincide with the action or adventure genres. The most common focus of historical mangas in the shounen genre are the samurai. The manga has recently returned to the concept of good versus evil. Mechas are also extremely popular. The shounen genre will â€Å"...typically follow the pattern of the heroic journey (Johnson-Woods).† On the other hand there is the shoujo genre that goes about things in a different way. The shoujo genre has changed significantly since it was first created. The creator of the genre is highly debated but many people believe it to be Takahashi Macoto. Shoujo is unique because it is mainly a guide forShow MoreRelated Gender Roles in Japanese Culture Essay2946 Words   |  12 PagesGender roles are stereotypical labels placed on males and females within a specific culture. In addition, gender stereotypes for males and females are products of cultural aspects rather than their physical differences (Kincaid, 2013). As time inevitably progresses through history, a coherent pattern can be identified in regards to changes in gender stereotypes. These changes in gender roles are directly correlated with the alterations in societal advancement. 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The traditional Japanese religion of Shintoism lead to theRead MoreJapanese And Muslim Cultures : Family Structure1340 Words   |  6 PagesJapanese and Muslim cultures are extremely different and interesting, which makes for a great analysis. By drawing on themes of family structure, marriage and child rearing, gender roles, child socialization, and divorce and child-custody, I can further explain my point about how diverse these cultures are. Type of Families Family Structure The Japanese culture has a dualistic structure of family; the nuclear and the stem. The nuclear family traditionally consisted of the parents and their childrenRead MoreModern Culture : The Japanese Manga A Sub Culture Based Around Graphic Novels1606 Words   |  7 PagesIn Japanese modern culture, patriarchal constructs rule everyday ideology of what it is to be feminine, how the female body should look, and appropriate female sexual behaviour. Representations (and expectations) of the female form and sexuality are well depicted in the Japanese manga: graphic novel artwork that is read ubiquitously throughout Japan. Exploration of this art-form and the culture that grows around it provides a unique insight into current cultural attitudes in Japan. Shojo manga -Read MoreIntroduction. Women Across The World Struggle To Make Their1454 Words   |  6 Pagesand Zimmerman, MacKinnon, and Smith defend women’s rights and call for an open and organized society that promotes equalit y for all genders, ethnic, cultural, and religious groups. Additionally, one of the conflict theorists, Dahrendorf, argues historical changes and inequality creates groups of conflict that attribute to women’s suppression within leadership roles in society. Overall, the struggle for equality can be supported by Durkheim’s social fact that explains the need and importance in understandingRead MoreJapanese culture is one of the most well appreciated yet, sometimes intriguing and difficult to1000 Words   |  4 PagesJapanese culture is one of the most well appreciated yet, sometimes intriguing and difficult to understand in comparison to certain other cultures. The differences between men and women, different religious ideologies and many symbolic beliefs are characteristics that makes this a culture of world-wide study by many people from other parts of the world. Because of its complexity to understand and learn, Japanese culture not only reflects this major differenc es in the present day, but it follows theRead MoreEssay on Nonverbal Communication: A Notion to Motion1393 Words   |  6 Pages A simple smile, a gazing stare, a firm hand shake or just an unpretentious hello are all forms of communication. While it is essential to the coexistence of the human race, communication is the one thing that is common amongst people of all cultures. Crapo (2013) explained that communication is transference of a philosophies and information from one person to another by ones actions, gestures, and words (Human communication, para.1). Although people use different avenues to express their thoughtsRead MoreThe Third Sex in Eastern Civilization1357 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at certain topic such as Gender, sex and religion. Gender is defined as the cultural, behavioral, or psychological characteristics, typically belonging to one sex. Sex is the behavioral, functional and Structural characteristics that distinguish males from females; it is also the act of people (or animals) attempting to sexually reproduce. Western civilizations and religions have always been strict and less acce pting when it comes to the conversation of gender and sex. It is usually something

Discrimination and Special Educational Needs Free Essays

string(71) " Inform Ofsted and get additional advice/support from relevant bodies\." HOME BASED CHILDCARE CYPOP5 TASKS 1-3 TASK 1 (Produce an information sheet which outlines the following: the current legislation for home based childcare and the role of regulatory bodies. ) The current legislations are as follows: * Sex Discrimination Act (1975) This backed by the Equal Opportunities Commission and its aims is to make sure people are not discriminated against on the basis of their gender. * Race Relations Act (1976) which has been amended in (2000) This is to ensure individual are given a fair opportunity and the appropriate measures are put into place to achieve that goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination and Special Educational Needs or any similar topic only for you Order Now Education Act (1981) This brought a significant change in through the wishes of parents ‘rights’ so that children with disabilities could be educated in ordinary schools. * Public Health (Control of Disease) Act (1984 This explains in great detail the notification and exclusion periods for certain infectious diseases. * Education Reform act (1988) This brought about the process of the (National Curriculum) in schools. * Education Act (1993) This made some very important changes to the Education Act 1981 and the law relating to children with special educational needs. These changes are now consolidated in the Education Act 1996. The Code of Practice and the SEN Tribunal were the major innovations as was the enforcement of strict time limits for completing assessments of special educational needs by Local Education Authorities. * Code of Practice for the Identification and Assessment of Children with Special Educational Needs (1994 which was revised in (2001) This is guidance specifically aimed at children who have Special Educational Needs (SEN) for the Local Authorities and the aim was designed to promote a high level of standards for all pupils through inclusive education. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulation (RIDDOR) (1995) Outlines certain incidents or accidents that must be reported by law; For e. g. A Fracture, other than to fingers, thumbs and toes. * Food Safety (General Food Hygiene) Regulations (1995) This is about Food Temperature control and general food safety; this is not yet applicable to childminders to register for although good hygiene practices must be adhered to. * Family Law Act (1996) Guidance relating to safeguarding children. * Disability Discrimination Act (1995) This was established by the Parliament for to ensure the rights of disabled individuals in the United Kingdom. * Education Act (1997) This combined all the Acts since 1944 into one Act. This entailed a full framework of identifying and assessing a child’s particular needs as set out in the (The Code of Practice) * Code of Practice for First Aid (1997) Gives guidance on detailed specification for trained First Aiders and First Aid Requirements. * Human Rights Act (1998) This came into force in (2000) and was set out by the European Convention on Human Rights, this outlines basic rights. (I. E. The right to life) * Protection of Children Act (1998) A Private members bill, which was introduced by Debra Shipley (MP) its provisions are designed to help strengthen procedures for vetting people who work with children. * Data Protection Act (1998) The Act covers any data about a living and identifiable individual and prevents confidential information being passed on without the individuals permission. In practice it provides a way for individuals to control information about themselves, in the case of children parents must give permission. * Special Educational Needs Disability Act (2001) The act required schools, colleges, universities, adult education providers, statutory Youth service and local education authorities to make ‘reasonable provisions’ to ensure people with disabilities or special needs were provided with the same opportunities as those who were not disabled. For e. g. wheelchair access if required Although was replaced by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995. * Care of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Regulations (2002) This deals with identification by risk assessment, control of exposure, health surveillance and incident planning, storage of cleaning fluids. * Health Protection Agency Act (2004) The Health Protection Agency is an independent UK organisation that was set up by the government in 2003 to protect the public from threats to their health from infectious diseases and environmental hazards and it does this by providing advice and information to the General Public, Health Professionals such as Doctors and Nurses and to the Local/National government * Children Act (2004) This Act’s ultimate purpose is to make the UK better and safer for children of all ages the idea behind the Act is to promote co-ordination between multiple official entities to improve the overall well-being of children. Every Child Matters’ 5 Outcomes are Identified: * Be Healthy * Stay Safe * Enjoy and achieve * Make a Positive Contribution * Achieve economic well-being * Childcare Act (2006) Introduced the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) in England. TASK 2 (In order to operate a registered home base childcare service the following policies and procedures must be in place: acciden ts, illness and emergencies; behaviour; safeguarding; equal opportunities. ) Write a policy for each of the above, and write a procedure to explain how each of the policies will be implemented. policies and 4 procedures are required ACCIDENT POLICY The safety of your child is paramount and I will take every measure I can to protect your child from hurting themselves. My premises have been checked and they meet the EYFS Welfare Requirements for childminding outlined by Ofsted. I also regularly review, update and practice safety routines. As a registered childminder, I am legally required to have a valid first aid certificate. I can administer basic first aid treatment, and my first aid box is clearly labelled and easily accessible. It is stored in the kitchen. Parent contact numbers are with the first aid box. I hold written permission from parents to get emergency treatment for their child if it is needed If an untoward incident occurs I will follow the following process: ACCIDENT PROCEDURE * Comfort and reassure the child Carry out First Aid if necessary. * Call an ambulance if necessary and attend hospital with the child. * I will also contact you immediately if a serious accident has occurred or if a minor accident has happened will contact you once the child has settled down. Fill in an accident report sheet and give you a copy of this. * Inform Ofsted and get additional advice/support from relevant bodies. You read "Discrimination and Special Educational Needs" in category "Papers" * Other children in my care will be looked after by another child minder Details are as follows Atia Begum or in exceptional circumstances where Atia is not available my sister Aisha Qamar will take over. * Ask you to keep me a dvised of your child’s condition following an accident if we have had to seek medical attention ILLNESS AND EMERGENCIES POLICY There is no charge for any period of non-attendance due to childminder illness. Although Full fees apply for any period of non-attendance due to child or parent illness. Unwell children are welcome to attend their scheduled hours so long as they meet the following criteria, based on Ofsteds national standards. Your child is welcome to attend so long as he/she 1. Does not have a contagious or infectious illness 2. Has not had vomiting or diarrhoea within the last 48 hours 3. Has eaten within the last 12 hours. 4. Is not coughing. 5. Does not have a raised temperature 6. Is not restless, irritable or over-tired 7. Is not bunged up or congested, or has thick and permanent runny nose. ILLNESS ND EMERGENCIES PROCEDURE Children who are coughing may attend so long as the cough is non-productive and they are being treated with a cough medicine. Children with runny noses may attend if they are being treated with medicine to treat their cold. All medication required by the child must be signed for, prior to the child’s attendance. If a form is not signed, no medication will be administered. A signature is required for all medication administered during the child’s scheduled hours. If the child becomes unwell, or does not meet the above criteria during their attendance, it may become necessary to send the child home. If you are in any doubt about a child’s ability to attend childminding hours, please telephone to discuss. If the child is not attending, please give as much notice as possible. If the child is unwell but able to attend, please mention this when they are dropped off so that plans may be changed if required. If you are unsure about a child’s health, or if medication is required, please speak to the child’s doctor, health visitor or a pharmacist. BEHAVIOUR POLICY * Do not feed or play with the animals without permission. * Keep coats, shoes and belongings tidied away. * Always sit when eating, ideally at the table. * No aggressive behaviour, biting, hitting, calling names. * Do not pick up babies or toddlers. * Always wash hands after going to the toilet or touching the animals. No jumping on the furniture. * Always wash your hands before eating. * Flush the chain after using the toilet, and replace the lid. * Treat other children and adults with respect and good manners. Handle toys with care. * Always remove shoes when upstairs. * No running ahead when out walking. * Always ask permission before removing car seat belts or opening car doors. * Never hang toys or limbs out of car doors or windows. BEAVIOUR PROCEDURES The NCMA (National Child Minding Association) recommended method of dealing with ‘naughty’ behaviour is through a time out session lasting only one minute per year of age. This involves encouraging t he child to sit quietly until the period is over. No child will be smacked or excluded from the room. Ongoing disobedience will be brought to your attention so a suitable solution can be reached. If it becomes necessary to restrain your child (For example a temper tantrum by the road side) you will be notified in writing. Good behaviour will be rewarded and encouraged by the use of praise, certificates and gold stars. The house rules are laid down to help children know what is expected of them while within the childminding setting. These rules are for the safety of your child and the other children around them, as well as the house and pets. Your child will not be punished for breaking the rules but will be encouraged not to. Please help with this, even if you do not follow the same rules within your own home. SAFEGUARDING AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES Omar I wouldn’t put the Safeguarding procedure and Equal opportunities together, they need to be separated. The safeguarding policy needs ,more information in regards to what you would do if you suspected a child had been abused – recording, speaking to parents if appropriate, making a referral if necessary I have given you some information with this on. I understand that child abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional and neglectful, or a mixture of these. I must notify Ofsted of any allegations of abuse that are alleged to have taken place while the child is in my care. Signs of abuse can vary widely and require professional involvement, which is why all childminders and anyone who had regular contact with another person’s child, must be aware of child abuse and report any suspicions. Under the Child Protection Act I am required, by law, to keep a record of any accidents or injuries which occur within my care or outside of my care. I have accident report forms which I will complete for any injury which occurs in childminding hours, which will require your signature. I also require you to fill in ’existing injury forms’ for any bumps and bruises received at home. In addition to being an equal opportunities environment, no child will be turned away due to ethical background or religious beliefs. Every attempt will be made to respect any cultural beliefs and wishes. Children with disabilities are welcome, providing their needs can be catered for. Children within my childminding setting will be exposed to and educated about a wide range of different religious and cultural beliefs. This will be used to teach all children to appreciate cultural diversity and to respect the beliefs of others around them. It will also help children feel confident and proud of their own background, whatever it may be. As part of their voyage into equality and diversity, children will be encouraged to join in celebrations into other country’s culture, religious festivals,  charity events and their own family background. It is important to remember that equal opportunities are not about treating everyone the same, but to understand their differences with an open and tolerant mind. Children will learn through positive awareness that differences are good things and should be celebrated and respected. SAFEGUARDING AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES PROCEDURES As a registered childminder, I have an obligation to report any suspicious incidents or accidents to the relevant authorities following the Local Safeguarding Children Board procedures. I keep up to date with child protection issues and relevant legislation by taking regular training courses and by reading relevant publications. This helps me be aware of the signs of abuse or neglect and what to do if I have a concern. I have a copy of and am familiar with the Local Safeguarding Children Board procedures. If I am concerned about a child’s welfare, I will contact the local authority, the NSPCC, NCMA or other relevant support services for advice, confidentially will be assured only when it is clear that there is no risk of harm to a child. The following numbers will always be to hand Ofsted (08456 404040) NCMA Information Line – for help and support for with all areas of childminding, including allegations of child abuse. 0800 169 4486 NCMA Legal advice line – offers free, professional advice to NCMA members on any legal problem related to their childminding business. (01253 777468) NSPCC child protection helpline – 24-hour helpline for people worried about a child (0808 800 5000) POLICY FOR ALLEGATIONS OF ABUSE AGAINST A CHILDMINDER As a Childminder working alone I may be vulnerable to allegations of abuse being made against me or another adult in my home. I will take precautions to protect myself from this happening by: * Ensuring all household members aged 16 and over are CRB cleared. * Ensuring all visitors to the house do not have unsupervised access to the children under any circumstances. * Ensuring, where possible, that no workmen/women are in the house during minded hours, unless it is to repair an emergency service or for health and safety reasons. Documenting every accident and incident that occurs whilst children are in my care, informing parents of such events and requesting them to sign my records. * Noting any noticeable marks on the children when they arrive and asking parents to inform me of any accidents that have occurred whilst outside my care. * Ensuring the children are within sight and/or hearing at all times according to the child’s age stage of ability. * Keeping accurate records on each child. * However, if an allegation is made I will then follow the procedure detailed below in order to gain support and professional advice: Contact : The Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO) immediately to discuss the nature of the allegation and the appropriate action to be taken. 01274 434343 * Ofsted to advise them of the allegation 0300 123 1231 I will write a detailed record of all related incidents, including what was said and by whom, with times and dates. After seeking advice/approval from the LADO I will ask witnesses (if there were any) to also write a statement detailing the incident they witnessed and giving their contact details in case it needs to be followed up by the authorities. Task 3 Confidentiality and data protection are vital when running a home based childcare service. Write an explanation of the importance of both. * Confidentiality-privacy, discretion keeping information secret. * Data Protection Act (1998)- This is designed to prevent confidential and personal information being passed on without a person’s consent. This now includes not just information stored on computers but also on paper and screen, including photographs. It is paramount for me as a childminder to safe guard the children in my care from any form of vulnerability, in order to achieve this I must be highly vigilant in my approach, I should never discuss issues of children with different parents. * Password protect my computers * Have a secure locked cupboard where I can keep personal information about the children in my care. The ultimate manner in which to run a successful business is to be professional at all times, this is a key focus as this can not only endanger the children but can also give out the wrong impression to parents. In addition to having confidentiality this is expected on both sides, as there will be information I will be sharing with parents i. e. contract details, fees, contact details, my experience etc. This will be a mandatory requirement on both sides, although my primary goal is to keep the children safe and healthy by implementing the good practices that the NCMA recommend, which is to have a lockable separate business filling system that cannot be accessed by the rest of my family or other visitors to my setting. How to cite Discrimination and Special Educational Needs, Papers

Liability for Business Laws and Ethics

Question: Discuss about the Liability for Business Laws and Ethics. Answer: Intrduction: Australian Corporate Bodies have been able to ground themselves well, not only in national markets but also in the global market on the basis of a strong economic infrastructure. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia, playing an exceptional role in developing the banking sector in Australia, is a bank in the general sense of the term; however, it is more than that. According to Commbank.com.au, (2016) The Commonwealth Bank of Australia is involved in several major economic pursuits such as retail, developmental investment, share market investment and superannuation. Developing within the boundaries of the continent it its initial stages, Commonwealth Bank of Australia has now expanded its business in the global market especially in Asia, North America, New Zealand and Europe. The Bank, despite its impressive portfolio does come with couple of issues. Chan, Watson Woodliff, (2014) state that at times the Commonwealth Bank of Australia has failed to meet norms determined for the opportun ity to innovation motto, mentioned in their company policies at the time of balancing with profit making. Coca Cola Amatil is one of the most dominating and profiting corporate body, dealing in the food and beverages. Established as a tobacco company in 1904, the company has a long way to expand its reach in various ways and in the 1960s it took its current shape as it bought the Coca Cola bottle manufacturers. The company deals mostly in the local market, having more than a 20 manufacturing facility and warehouses. Being a part of the food industry the Coca Cola Amatil has inclined towards a few essential corporate social responsibilities. The Coca Cola Amatil aims at providing good quality products, better lifestyle to the extreme possible point. In recent years as mentioned by Andini Simatupang (2014) it has faced many challenges in the market; nevertheless it has faced no serious issues regarding the nutrition values of the beverage that is produced in mammoth numbers, keeping in accordance to the predetermined social corporate responsibilities (Ccamatil.com, 2016). Differences between the two companies in terms of social reports and depth of coverage on special issues: As suggested by Cheng, Ioannou Serafeim, (2014), the social corporate image of any corporate organization casts influence on the mindset of the general populace, channeling the business accordingly and the Australian corporate bodies are no exceptions to this. The norms mentioned and followed by certain corporate bodies are mentioned in their respective social responsibility reports. Dhaliwal et al. (2012), suggest that these reports are made easily accessible to the public with the sole intention being developing a positive atmosphere for business in the guise of mentioning certain roles taken up by the corporate bodies besides earning profit. In the current assignment the chosen organizations are not similar and have different social priorities, resulting in two different social corporate reports. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia highlights its dedication to the development of the education, innovation and good business practices around the globe. The chosen bank has mentioned d etails about cases where the investment plans have resulted in enhancing the standard of education and innovation. The reports give details about the future assumptions and aims foreseen with believe to bring in a positive change. It is worth the mention that the Commonwealth Bank does not disclose the details about the profits it has secured out of the mentioned cases. The corporate social report presented by Coca Cola Amatil focuses mainly on the wellbeing of the consumers, improving living standards by integrating communities and preservation of the environmental balance. The social report mentions all the activities and survey results that show that Coca Cola Amatil has retained the standards expected on the part of the customers. The report also mentions the companys aim in integrating the social fragments with the promotion and popularity of their products on a global scale, especially in Australia. Fogel Elizabeth (2014), mention that the corporate social report of the chosen organization also unfolds details about its manufacturing processes that are less harmful to the environment and are on the verge of bringing in remarkable business standards. A minute observation of the report shows that there is very little importance given to activities that benefit the society directly. Explanation of the differences from different aspects: The Commonwealth Bank of Australia and Coca Cola Amatil are two very different corporate bodies in terms of presence in the market and nature of business policies. The reason behind such differences is easy to comprehend. Huang Zhou Zhu (2012) are of the opinion that a close research on the working framework of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia shows that it has its business expanded beyond the national boundaries of Australia. On the other hand the Coca Cola Amatil generally manufactures in Australia and exports its products to other countries. Brailsford, Handley Maheswaran (2012) highlighted that as the Commonwealth Bank of Australia competes in the national as well as in the international investment market it has to emphasize the power of its investment and mention the best interest of men. As the banking sector is very competitive in its nature, the chosen bank has to mention the its social responsibilities in order to create an unique identity for itself. Contrasting starkly to banking sector, the Coca Cola Amatil produces beverage and also indulges in the packaging of the beverages. According to Ouppara Sy (2012), as the beverages are related to the health and the manufacturing is associated with the idea of environment, the corporate social responsibilities of the mentioned organizations mainly revolves around preservation and environment and health standards. As the banking sector is the work field of the corporate persons and the main is corporeal development of the society the norms of Commonwealth Bank of Australias corporate social responsibilities are less inclined towards nature and health. Coca Cola Amatil products are used generally for regular purposes and is related to issues of food, health and environment, therefore, the chosen organization lays very little emphasis on innovation, education and development of business. Explanation of social accounting approach by Zedak et al. (1997): In order to provide a proper and effective guideline for corporate organizations to frame their respective corporate social reports the 8 criteria of Zedak et al. (1997) has been considered appropriate. The extent to which each chosen organization have followed the 8 criteria has been discussed in the table below Criteria Coca Cola Amatil The Commonwealth Bank of Australia Inclusivity A Sharpe observation and inspection of the organizations working framework show that the organization has developed a good interaction system, thereby justifying the principle of inclusivity in their social report. The organization follows the mentioned criteria in its social report as it provide its stockholders a good communicative system integration. Comparability Coca Cola has been conducting comparative surveys of its product and services over time and has benefitted itself and improved significantly. This criterion is also included in their social report. The bank has developed annual reports in order to compare the statistical data for the betterment of the organization making it evident that the organization is following the mentioned criteria. Completeness This criterion has not been followed by the chosen organization at the time of framing the social report. The organization has not followed the criteria of completeness. The organization is does not include the factors of exceptional talent promotion and employee environment. Evolution Coco Cola Amatil has learnt consistently from the market and has evolved accordingly. Therefore, the mentioned criteria are present in their social report. The chosen organization has evolved over the years to keep up with the global competitors. Management Policies and Systems Apart from the management of the labor in some production facilities, the organization has abided by the mentioned criteria. The social report presented by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia meets the mentioned criteria as it gives ample details about the managing system of the organizational body. Disclosure The terms that involve the benefits and the risks of the business have not been given much importance. The organization follows the criteria of disclosure in a partial manner for there is evidence that the organization hides certain risk factors. External Verification Coca Cola Amatil conducts external verification on regular intervals to get unbiased rating. The bank does not conduct external verification. Continuous Improvement The packaging segment of the organization has gradually improved yet the in order to maintain authenticity the beverage processing is kept as stock as possible. The Commonwealth Bank of Australia has adapted the methods of banking transaction and investment from other banks over the years and in this process it has continually updated and improved itself. Table 1: Explanation of social accounting approach by Zedak et al. (1997) for both the companies (Source: Gray et al. 1997) Thus, it has become clear that both the organizations have been able to follow a proper social accounting approach which resembles the social accounting approach of Zadek et al. (1997). Further, it becomes clear that following the principles of Zadek et al., organizations can be able to have continuous and non constrained growth in their respective industry. Reflection of stated value from the social reports: The corporate social reports presented by organization are meant to provide an overview of the organizations contribution towards the society. Frias?Aceituno, Rodriguez?Ariza Garcia?Sanchez (2013), going in further depths, argue that the details provided in the reports should always follow certain rules; however, in some cases breaching of rules can be seen. The official website of the Commonwealth Bank of Australia shows that the bank has taken up great responsibilities and has made them an integral part of their social responsibilities. Khan, Muttakin Siddiqui (2013), is of the opinion that the sole focus lights up positive change in the educational sector and modern innovation as a result of the health and generous investment policies. Sadly, there are references to more than one case that show that Commonwealth Bank of Australia has rejected requests of capital investments for innovation as well as educational infrastructure development as the projects held less scope for profi t in their disposal. Based n the existence of such cases at hand, it becomes very clear that the Commonwealth Bank of Australias social report is not valued by the organization itself and the terms are taken up lightly. As suggested by Fooks et al. (2013), as the chosen organization plans to enhance the rate of good practice in business and boast innovation it has to shift its focus a little from making profit only. The Coca Cola Amatil does not proved big promises or social bindings in their corporate social report; still the organization has been very successful in retaining the standard with not a single failure or breach of policies. As seen on the company website, detailed social reports are uploaded and are kept for public display. Servaes Tamayo (2013), mention that the reports incorporate details about the company statistics which in terms give a very similar, if not perfect description of the company. The detailed reports show the non business activities, realistic figures and envision future goals on a very realistic basis. Judging from the working technique of the organization and its social reports it can be ascertained that Coca Cola Amatil value their social report to a very large extend. Reflection on group discussion on these companies: In the course of the assignment I took the help of internet and logged into the official websites of the two chosen organization. The corporate social reports provided on the part of both of the organization were enriched in details and were sufficient to form the primary assumption about the level of value, nature of roles and the difference in policies. Being a team of five members I had four other members who helped me in reaching a proper conclusion. My initial assumptions about the chosen organizations was supported by all of them, nevertheless all of them raised question about the social report provided by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Some of our team members went on to general queries on the internet and eventually found that the bank has been not abiding its own set of policies for the larger share of profit. As per Shaw Barry (2015), the main purpose of business is to secure profit and for profit and welfare could cause trouble. I argued on the basis of the above men tioned suggestion to defend my initial assumption. In retaliation of my argument I was told that the rejected projects and breached terms had the potential to be avoided if only the Commonwealth Bank of Australia could give relaxation to their margin of profit. According to Henderson (2015) for the larger benefit of the society profitability can be relaxed to a considerable degree and hence needs commitment of the organization. Other members of our team pointed out that Coca Cola Amatil has abided to its social responsibilities as a result of which it has secured less profit in certain cases. I also realized that the figures provided in the Commonwealth Bank of Australias social reports were unrealistic in some cases. Based on these arguments and evidences I considered the opinions of my team mates to be proper and just. I changed my initial assumptions and succeeded in establishing a concrete conclusion. Reference list: Andini, R. A., Simatupang, T. M. (2014). A process simulation of inventory planning and control for Minute Maid Pulpy at Coca-Cola.International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management,17(1), 66-82. Brailsford, T., Handley, J. C., Maheswaran, K. (2012). The historical equity risk premium in Australia: post?GFC and 128 years of data.Accounting Finance,52(1), 237-247. Ccamatil.com. (2017). Our contribution wellbeing. Available from: https://www.ccamatil.com/our-contribution/wellbeing [Retrieved on: 1st January. 2017] Chan, M. C., Watson, J., Woodliff, D. (2014). Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.Journal of Business Ethics,125(1), 59-73. Cheng, B., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2014). Corporate social responsibility and access to finance.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), 1-23. Commbank.com.au. (2017). About us. Available from: https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us.html?ei=mv_about-us [Retrieved on: 1st January. 2017] Dhaliwal, D. S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A., Yang, Y. G. (2012). Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.The Accounting Review,87(3), 723-759. Fooks, G., Gilmore, A., Collin, J., Holden, C., Lee, K. (2013). The limits of corporate social responsibility: techniques of neutralization, stakeholder management and political CSR.Journal of Business Ethics,112(2), 283-299. Frias?Aceituno, J. V., Rodriguez?Ariza, L., Garcia?Sanchez, I. M. (2013). The role of the board in the dissemination of integrated corporate social reporting.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(4), 219-233. Gray, R., Dey, C., Owen, D., Evans, R., Zadek, S. (1997). Struggling with the praxis of social accounting: Stakeholders, accountability, audits and procedures.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,10(3), 325-364. Henderson, D. (2015). The Role of Business in the World of Today1.Business, Capitalism and Corporate Citizenship: A Collection of Seminal Essays, 14. Huang, X., Zhou, H., Zhu, H. (2012). Assessing the systemic risk of a heterogeneous portfolio of banks during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Financial Stability,8(3), 193-205. Khan, A., Muttakin, M. B., Siddiqui, J. (2013). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosures: Evidence from an emerging economy.Journal of business ethics,114(2), 207-223. Ouppara, N. S., Sy, M. V. U. (2012). Quality of Work Life Practices in a Multinational Company in Sydney, Australia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,40, 116-121. Fogel, D., Elizabeth Palmer, J. (2014). Water as a corporate resource.Journal of Global Responsibility,5(1), 104-125. Servaes, H., Tamayo, A. (2013). The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness.Management Science,59(5), 1045-1061. Shaw, W. H., Barry, V. (2015).Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning.

Professional Development Program Essay Sample free essay sample

Aim of Assignment: †¢ SPECIFICATIONS – To show the ability to compose good specifications †¢ ETHICS – To understand the ethical considerations involved in undertaking procurance direction †¢ TENDERING – To understand the demands for administrating the tendering procedure †¢ CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION – To cover with jobs during the contract disposal procedure Assignment – Four inquiries 1. SPECIFICATIONS [ 24 ] .Write. for a mousetrap:i. Descriptive specification ( including pulling. if necessary ) ; and ( 12 ) two. Performance specification ( 12 )2. Ethical motive IN PROCURMENT [ 31 ]A. Case Study – Ms Smith ( 16 )B. Briefly analyse. from your undertaking experience. 1 state of affairs or chance that exists for procurance forces to move unethically during the undertaking procurance procedure and place which ethical rules are threatened. ( 6 ) C. Briefly describe 3 diverse schemes that the undertaking director might utilize to understate the likeliness of unethical behavior by undertaking procurance forces? ( 9 ) 3. TENDERING [ 20 ] . Case Study – Ray Gunn – see attached4. CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION [ 25 ] Case Study – Tom Dewey Dates A ; Punishments Date given: TBA.Date due: TBA.Students are given sufficient clip to bring forth the assignment and the deadline will be purely enforced. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Development Program Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If an assignment is handed in late the pupil will be penalised in conformity with the unit lineation. Format The assignment must be typed on A4 paper ( utilizing one side merely ) in individual infinite typewriting and presented with a cover sheet puting out your name. lecturer’s name. unit rubric and the subject of the assignment. All documents should be numbered. All assignments should be exhaustively checked for typing. spelling and grammatical mistakes before being submitted. Work of an unacceptable quality will be returned for rectification and re-submission. Question 2 ( a ) CASE STUDY – ETHICS IN PROCUREMENT – MS SMITH Ms Smith had served her public sector bureau dependably for more than 20 old ages. She had achieved many of her personal aspirations. but felt she had reached her bound sing publicity. When the services of her administration were to be assessed for outsourcing. Ms Smith saw this as an chance to prosecute a new calling in the private sector. With her in-depth cognition of her administration and her grasp of the booby traps any service supplier would confront in taking over from the bing public sector supplier. Ms Smith sought to help the company she thought had the best potency to win with its stamp development. Deeply ingrained with the position that she would be moving improperly if she assisted any company during working hours. Ms Smith went on three hebdomads leave. During this clip. she contacted ABC Limited and offered her services and expertness. She explained she intended to go forth the populace sector and felt her expertness and experience might be of aid in the development of ABC’s command. Careful non to be seen to hold solicited Ms Smith’s aid. ABC asked her to corroborate there was no hindrance in her working on the command. Ms Smith confirmed that she believed she was free to help ABC. peculiarly as she was on leave. She farther added that she sought no payment for her advice. but felt she would be a good ‘catch’ if ABC won the contract. Satisfied. and happy to hold clearly believable aid with its command. ABC brought Ms Smith into the command squad for her leave period and offered her a topographic point on the company’s squad to present the service to the authorities should it win. At an industry briefing for the tenderers the authorities squad. which included Ms Smith as an perceiver. detailed the specification. agreements for command and stamp rating. Ms Smith’s supervisor noted that she seemed to cognize the ABC people and non people from the other companies present. He casually asked Ms Smith where she had met the ABC squad antecedently and was amazed when she told him she had been assisting ABC while on leave. She indicated her personal penchant to see ABC win the contr act. as she would go an employee if this occurred. Question 2 ( a ) 1. What is ( are ) the ethical job ( s ) ? ( 6 )2. Analyse. in ethical footings. the available options for actions by the Supervisor? ( 10 ) Please see cover sheet for Questions 2 ( b-c ) Question 3 – CASE STUDY – THE TENDERING PROCESS – RAY GUNN A client. Gerry Hatrick. engaged Ray Gunn a undertaking direction adviser. to obtain stamps for a building undertaking. He tried to deter GH from utilizing an unfastened tendering procedure but GH was inexorable that no 1 should be denied the chance of tendering a monetary value for his undertaking. Ray was every bit inexorable that in private inquiring a choice group of contractors to tender would give more confidence of value for money. An advertizement in the day-to-day newspaper was punctually inserted and the stopping point of the tendering period was advertised as 12 midday on 3rd November. in Project Inc’s office The latest estimated cost of the undertaking. prepared by Ray. was $ 1. 900. 000. Tenders had been sought for monetary value merely. non for building times. the clip holding been stipulated by in the tendering paperss as 38 hebdomads. The monetary values were specified to be steadfast monetary value non capable to escalation accommodations Six stamps had been r eceived by 12 midday. Ray began to open the stamp envelopes: †¢ The first stamp opened. from Speedy A ; Co. was $ 1. 770. 000 †¢ The following stamp opened. from Empire Builders. was $ 1. 842. 000 †¢ The 3rd stamp. from Bill Ding Corp. . was $ 1. 955. 000. to which was added the footer. â€Å"This stamp will be reduced by 10. 5 % if an escalation clause is included in the contract† †¢ Just so. Jack Rafter from Slip Shod Constructions arrived with a stamp after being held up in traffic congestion on his manner to subject the stamp. It was eight proceedingss past midday. Jack left so opened the envelope. The stamp was $ 1. 700. 000. †¢ The following stamp opened. from De Fektif Constructions. was $ 1. 666. 000. †¢ The following stamp opened. from T. Mahal. was $ 2. 166. 665 †¢ The last stamp opened. from NBG Co. was $ 1. 967. 000. which was endorsed with the words. â€Å"An alternate stamp of $ 1. 800. 000 is applicable in the event that the building period is changed to 42 weeks† †¢ Ray went to tiffin and on his return there was a telephone message from De Fektif Constructions. stating that there had been an mistake in their stamp. which should hold read $ 1. 695. 000 He knew really small about any of the tenderers. During the stamp period he had enquired of some of his co-workers as to their cognition of the tenderers. All he cou ld happen out was that Speedy A ; Co. had a repute for being late coating undertakings. for no evident ground other than hapless administration. and that Empire Builders did non bask good relationships with other undertaking directors. because of Empire’s expertness in doing contractual claims for extra payments Ray decided that before making anything else he should phone De Fektif and state them what to make with their amended stamp. It was Paul Bearer who answered the phone: †¢ Ray: â€Å"Your telephone message about an mistake in your stamp was a waste of clip. You can’t alter the regulations. The best you can make is to withdraw† †¢ Paul: â€Å"OK. we withdraw our first stamp but out corrected monetary value still stands† †¢ Ray: â€Å"No. it doesn’t. It would be most unjust to alter your monetary value after the official deadline. I shall disregard both of your prices† †¢ Paul: â€Å"I’ll direct my amended monetary value direct to Gerry Hatrick. He’ll understand that we have made a echt mistake. † The conversation ended. GH was abroad and could non be contacted. Ray hence decided to set his recommendations in authorship and direct GH a missive to be waiting for him on his return. which was the process that had been agreed before GH departed. anyhow Question 3 1. What is your sentiment of the tendering procedure. every bit far as it is known? ( 10 ) 2. As Ray. compose an appropriate comprehensive missive to the client. ( 10 ) Question 4 – CASE STUDY – CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION – TOM DEWEY In June 1995. Tom Dewey. buying director for Builder’s Bank. Inc. ’s ( BBI ) New York office. wanted to decide a set of jobs originating from the purchase of 80 chairs for the executive council chamber. BBI was a big international bank with operations throughout the universe. It had late purchased an office edifice and had hired the well-known designer Peter Tropper to make the major design and redevelopment programs. The buying section in the New York office was responsible for all local purchases. in add-on to a few major purchases for the international offices. The bank did non hold an approved provider list ; an invitation to offer was an indicant that the possible provider was considered qualified. The architectural house of Peter Tropper was hired to redesign the full edifice. including the choice of furniture. Once the design was completed. a working group. including the president and frailty president. had approved the design. including choice and coloring mater ial for all major furniture. The buying section did non take part in this procedure. In June 1994. Peter Tropper sent a specification sheet to the buying section for all purchases. which included theoretical account figure and maker. Suppliers would offer on the same maker. with no permutations allowed. Although the section had the option to divide the order between providers. Tom Dewey decided to order though a individual beginning. In late June. the working group asked Tom Dewey to subject a budget of what the bank would hold to pass to finish the redevelopment during financial 1995. Therefore. in early July. Tom Dewey submitted a petition for proposal ( RFP ) to ten possible providers. all of which responded. When the commands were received in mid-August. the working group reviewed the commands and rejected them as being excessively high. The working group and Peter Tropper agreed to a scaling down of the work proposed. A hebdomad subsequently. Tom Dewey sent new specifications to the same 10 providers. of which eight responded. The low command on the RFP was $ 1. 3 million. submitted by ABCO Furniture. a big local furniture trader. In September. the working group authorised Tom Dewey to buy major furniture and the chairs for the executive council chamber numbering $ 400 000. Amo ng the points on the RFP were eighty leather chairs for the executive council chamber. These chairs have a individual base and a fixed jury base. which would non let the chairs to sway or pivot. Twelve of the chairs. bing $ 1 500 each. required installing in concrete. with the staying 68 chairs. bing $ 1 300 each. holding bases that could be installed on wood flooring. The RFP made no reference of installing. In February 1995. ABCO Furniture informed Tom Dewey that the chairs were ready. Since the council chamber was still under building. he arranged to hold ABCO hive away the chairs. with the understanding that he honour the bill in March. The bill was paid in late March and ABCO stored the chairs until they were delivered on the forenoon of April 22. 1995. When the chairs were delivered. the building director talked with Peter Tropper sing installing. The building director told Tom Dewey that the designer had said he would give elaborate drawings sing installing of the chairs. although the drawings had non been received. When Tom Dewey asked Peter Tropper about the job. Peter indicated that Purchasing. holding bought the chairs. was responsible for installing. Peter Troppe r besides stated that he had informed Purchasing. by missive in late March. that Buying was responsible for installing. At the direction of Tom Dewey. ABCO hired a local installer to put in the chairs. The installer had seen neither the chairs no the council chamber before. The installer arrived tardily on the 22nd and discussed the installing process with the building director. They concluded that they would utilize enlargement bolts in the concrete and wood prison guards in the platforms. Both the building director and the installer agreed that long slowdown prison guards could non be used since the platforms were elevated. with electrical conduit underneath. After put ining a few chairs on the forenoon of April 23rd. the installer and building director concluded that the wood prison guards would non keep. Since the chairs were stiff. the littleness of the diameter of the base was deficient for the torsion applied to the base when the chair was used. Since no equal support was designed into the floor when the room was remodelled. other support options had to be evaluated. The installer. even after p ut ining the toggle bolts. discovered that the chairs were still coming free. In add-on. the enlargement bolts. installed in the concrete. would besides finally work free. However. with the upcoming board meeting on May 6. 1995. the building director and installer agreed that the chairs could be used temporarily. The provider. after discoursing installing costs with the installer. told Tom Dewey that the current measure for puting up the chairs would be around $ 4 000. However. for the installer to make the occupation right would be and extra $ 15 000. The May 6 board meeting went swimmingly. although many board members noted the instability of the chairs. In June. the executive managers expressed concern over the demand to repair the chairs-and rapidly. However. Tom Dewey’s frequent treatments with Peter Tropper had yielded no consequences. The installer billed ABCO Furniture at the terminal of May. In late June. Tom Dewey received a measure from ABCO for the installing of the chairs. and a transcript of the bill received by ABCO from the provider. Tom Dewey recognised that BBI had non allowed for any extra installing costs and wondered what th e best manner to decide the job would be. 1. What options are unfastened to Tom? What is the best class of action? ( 9 ) 2. Who is responsible for the present state of affairs?

Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Essay Example

Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Essay Example Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Paper Poetry Analysis of Common Grounds Paper It was clear that It wasnt a poem about Ewing created equal, but about how people do share that common ground with people they may not have wanted to grow up like. The title Common Ground clearly Indicates that there Is a common bond between people. The deeper meaning would be that people are all connected by their blood and their family ties, and the purpose of this poem Is to express that for the reader. Theres a saying that we all end up Like our parents, and that Its unavoidable, and I think this poem goes along with that saying. The first stanza gives out a general Idea that all of our blood keeps us mumping: its the reason why we live and why we have a story to tell or parents to grow up after. We all have bones that speak in the language of death because we are all eventually going to decay. All of our flesh thins with age and becomes wrinkled. Then Coffer does something strange and mentions, through your pores rises the stuff of your origin. Our origins are whats inside of us, and eventually it is all going to come back out, and its going to be the same with everybody. The second stanza narrows down the authors meaning to her own experiences. She now has her grandmothers mouth, that speaks of pain and deprivation that she has never herself known. While both stanzas have a calmer and more serious tone, I think the second one is what really makes the reader think and creates a darker atmosphere, because it ends with the lines, like arrows pointing downward to our common ground, which indicates that we are all going to eventually die, and we will all go through that, no matter what. This poem definitely makes me feel connected, especially in the first stanza, with the common ground that I already see in myself tit my grandparents. The tone, as I already said, is more serious and almost dark I get the mental image of an aging woman in front of the mirror, pulling and poking at her face and wondering who gave her what gene, and whether or not she approves of It.

Analysis of Weinberger’s Concepts of Cyberwarfare

Analysis of Weinbergers Concepts of Cyberwarfare In June 2010, analysts from the antivirus software company VirusBlokAda examined a computer in Iran due to suspicion of malware activity. Lurking inside the machine was a computer worm known as Stuxnet. Stuxnet possessed an array of abilities, among them was the ability to â€Å"target the software that controls pumps, valves, generators and other industrial machines† (Weinberger, 2011). Unlike other viruses that use forged security clearances to gain access into systems, Stuxnet â€Å"took advantage of two digital certificates of authenticity stolen from respected companies† (Weinberger, 2011). Furthermore, it exploited â€Å"four different ‘zero day vulnerabilities'† which are security gaps that system creators were unaware of (Weinberger, 2011). According to Liam O Murchu, chief of security response of Symantec, once Stuxnet infected a system, â€Å"the crucial parts of its executable code would become active only if that machine was also running Sie mens Step 7, one of the many supervisory control and data (SCADA) systems used to manage industrial processes† (Weinberger, 2011). Symantec also discovered that â€Å"the majority of infections were in Iran† and that â€Å"the infections seemed to have been appearing there in waves since 2009† (Weinberger, 2011). Further investigation performed by Ralph Langner, a control-system security consultant, resulted in evidence that â€Å"Stuxnet had been deliberately directed against Iran†, the most likely target being Iran’s Nuclear Enrichment Facility in Natanz. (Weinberger, 2011). According to Langner, Stuxnet â€Å"was designed to alter the speed of the delicate centrifuges† which separated Iran’s â€Å"rare but fissionable isotope uranium -235 from the heavier uranium -238† (Weinberger, 2011). Improper alteration of the centrifuges could result in them spinning out of control and breaking. Although the Iranian Government refuses t o admit that Stuxnet was responsible for the destruction of many centrifuges at Natanz, the results from Langner and others is credited by reports from the International Atomic Energy Agency. The IAEA documented a â€Å"precipitous drop in the number of operating centrifuges in 2009, the year that many observers think Stuxnet infected computers in Iran† (Weinberger, 2011). There is no evidence beyond rumor that Israel or the US Government may have been behind the attack. Symantec notes that â€Å"a name embedded in Stuxnet’s code, Myrtus, could be a reference to a biblical story about a planned massacre of Jews in Persia† (Weinberger, 2011). Moreover, Langner believes that the U.S. Government could have been behind the attack considering they possess â€Å"both the required expertise in cyber warfare and a long-standing goal of thwarting Iran’s nuclear ambitions† (Weinberger, 2011). Irrespective of Stuxnet’s creator, the main growing fear is who will redesign it. Stuxnet was the first weapon created entirely out of code and proved that â€Å"groups or nations could launch a cyber-attack against a society’s vital infrastructures† (Weinberger, 2011). Many of the investigators that studied Stuxnet concluded that it â€Å"essentially laid out a blueprint for future attackers to learn from and perhaps improve† (Weinberger, 2011). Stuxnet opened a new era of warfare and with its code available online for anyone to study and improve, it has computer scientists like Yuval Elovici concerned that the next wave of cyber-attacks would be much â€Å"stronger than the impact of setting several atomic bombs on major cities† (Weinberger, 2011).

Strategic Implications of IT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Implications of IT - Research Paper Example This is due to the reason that technology has made the preparation, transfer, and dissemination of the information very economical. Therefore, the company and its people need to think and feel bigger coupled to having an apparent direction. However, above and beyond having the external environmental analysis, it has become vital and imperative to understand the organization from internal perspectives as well that is to assess the resources and its competitive position on a critical note. According to one of the well-known authors Robbins, â€Å"Every organization has strategies for doing what it’s in business to do† (2010, pp. 163). Strategic management in the present epoch has become one of the most significant elements of any organization. This is due to the reason that it aid in defining the administrating the planning, and everyday operations of the enterprise. Moreover, it takes account of employee job descriptions, planning and budgeting, and the overall operations goals and objectives of the enterprise. However, studies have provided evidence for the fact that with the implication of strategic management process, the companies are able to fulfill their processes in a much more efficient way than it used to be previously. This is particularly because it encompasses the evaluations, decisions, and actions that facilitate the organization in creating and upholding their competitive advantage (Bateman & Snell, 2010). In the twenty first century, the implication of strategic management more frequently comes under application in the field of information technology on a broad spectrum. Therefore, the primary and chief purpose of the report is to define the strategic implications of information technology in the upcoming years. Moreover, eBay is one of the major information technology organizations that would come under presentation with reference to the strategic implications under next three years. Furthermore, the current issues that eBay are going through and recommendations for the managers of IT would be the key highlighting concerns of the report. Background of the Topic EBay Inc. is one of the leading internet based consumer-to-consumer (c2c) organizations of United States of America that have come under establishment in the latter years of the

Explain the drafting process behind the Universal Declaration of Human Essay

Explain the drafting process behind the Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Essay Example Since the Universal Declaration of Human Rights will serve as a single rule for all countries worldwide to follow, representatives coming from different countries worldwide should be involved in the drafting process. For this reason, common concerns that came out of the drafting process include the question of whose culture has to be followed. For instance, should the Universal Declaration of Human Rights follow the non-Western or Western political culture? Or, should it follow the political culture of communist countries? What specific areas in the first draft are misaligned with what is being expected to be the general rule on human rights? Therefore, after making some corrections in the first draft, the second draft will have to go through another round of scrutiny and corrections before the final drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been officially

School life Essay Example for Free

School life Essay Nicholas Nickelby written in 1838 by Charles Dickens explores the life of a young school assistant at Dotheboys Hall and gradually explains how disgusted he felt. Laurie Lee later wrote an imaginary autobiography Cider with Rosie which is not just a factual account of the authors life but also accounts of events and incidents. This reflected school life in a different, vivid approach because you got his personal opinion. Obviously, both authors would show differences mainly due to the difference in time. Both Dickens and Lee were born in different eras therefore studied at school at different times. Not only was time a major difference, but the types of texts written; Dickens wrote a novel and Lee an autobiography and taking into consideration-originality. Cider with Rosie and Nicholas Nickleby both are diverse because they are written by different authors but Lees diversity is shown mainly by it being first person, yet everyone has their own style of writing. Nicholas cared about the other children but Laurie just cared only about himself. He did not hate school because of schoolwork but because he did not have to do any, which was contradictory compared Laurie. School life portrayed differently considering the eras of their birth therefore having an age gap and attending school at a contrasting period. Charles Dickenss educational system from early nineteenth (1812 -1870) ran differently relating to Laurie Lee during later twentieth century (1914-1997), is a significant difference. Buildings in Nicholas Nickleby were described as bare and dirty and the ceiling supported like that of a barn. The inside would be cold consisting of rickety furniture; whish suggests that the school was poorly built possibly due to lack of money. Nicholas being accustomed to poverty (by the unfortunate speculations of his father) had taught him to make his own way into the world; he may have found the school conditions familiar. Long ago, schools and the educational systems were not considered as a priority; consequently, no effort was made to improve them. There is hardly any mention of the exterior of the building or the surrounding environment. In Cider with Rosie, it is complete reverse; the issue is different. At the beginning, there are a few pages with a description of the natural environment like the valley, which consists of twenty to thirty houses made from Cotswold stone. Most of the surroundings are clarified at the beginning. There is more mention of the background and seasons compared to the buildings themselves. The houses ooze over the hills like thick layers of lava. There is mention of a Big Room which Laurie moves into; from becoming an indolent child to adult and tough that justifies his growth during school; from primary to secondary school. There is one distinctive difference and that is that in both tales; there is no real reference to buildings. Remembering that though, the earlier in time the worse the buildings were, the authors chose not to elaborate on this. Another difference is that there was increasing description of the countryside in Cider with Rosie that now may think he is boasting about the beauty of his hometown. The similarity is that there is not enough description about the interior of the classrooms. Charles Dickens vividly describes the teachers as rude people who liked mistreating the children please sir, hes weeding the garden. Mr. Squeers who is the head and most monstrous of the school alongside his wife is violent and negligent claiming he will take the skins off their backs he would even cane them if they did not behave. At one moment in time, he shows cruelty towards the children because when they receive some post from their families he reads it himself and judging form the messages received, were happy to get rid of their charges, and the news was simply a further addition to their misery. The teachers did not encourage the pupils to study and preferred then to weed the garden and clean the parlour windows. In Cider with Rosie, a dame teacher taught with a sixteen-year-old female assistant, similar to Nicholass case except Nicholas was the assistant. During the story the teacher Crabby. B has a nervous breakdown saying, I wont have it! when the children would not sit down! They soon found a replacement teacher Miss. Wardly from Birmingham. Lee describes her as having loose but stronger reins sharp-tongued, but patient enough. She wanted then to learn, so she encouraged them to and even wistfully wished her students good luck when they grew up and left. A further comparison in Cider with Rosie the children were not as well disciplined because they drove their teacher insane. The children in Nicholas Nickleby would not even dare treat their teacher with disrespect because they knew they could loose everything they had. However, in the twentieth century (Lees era) punishment and using the cane was illegal. There are people/characters in Nicholas Nickelby such a boy called Smike who is a half-witted inmate of Squeerss establishment who is treated like a slave. He is the oldest and does not have to do any schoolwork but is treated worse to the rest because at one time, he received a box on the ear from Mr. Squeers presuming to contradict his mistress. Mrs. Squeers is as bad as Mr. Squeers because she does not care about the children apart from their own spoilt son-Master. Squeers. She is also involved with the scandal of running the school as a business. Lee introduces his friends Poppy, Jo, Vera and Spadge who are all in his class and seems like they are his only friends. He only ever mentions them therefore, we have an impression they are the closest ones he has. He does not like Vera and decides it would be funny to hit her over the head with a stick. He describes Poppy and Jo as the two blonde girls and Spadge the rebellious class bully. Spadge was the boy who decided to mock the teacher Crabby. B. another character was the sixteen year old assistant who Laurie liked very much the pretty, gracious lady. Laurie has friends but people who he can confide and communicate with a positive, friendly atmosphere. In Nicholas Nickleby, Nicholas has no one to talk to and tell his problems to, except Smike who he eventually speaks to because Nicholas feel sympathetic towards him asking you are shivering? N-o-o. the children do not have permission to talk to each other because the teacher is too strict with them.

Hamlet Didnt Have No Prozac :: essays papers

Hamlet Didn't Have No Prozac According to Webster's New World Dictionary madness is defined as "mental derangement that makes a person incapable of what is regarded as rational conduct or judgement." There is much madness in Shakespeare's Hamlet; written around 1600, but Prince Hamlet is not included in the insane camp. Throughout the play Hamlet's seemingly irrational behavior served quite rational and sometimes ingenious ends. The Madness of Hamlet is certainly counterfeit and was recognized by Hamlet as being necessary to complete the revenge of the Murder of his father. In act I, scene i we are introduced to the Ghost of Hamlet's slain father. The reader may be more inclined to believe that Hamlet's madness is in fact true if he himself was the only one to view the Ghost. However, there were actually three individuals to whitness the Ghost. Hamlet's sane and trustworthy friend Horatio says "Before my God, I might not this believe/ without the sensible and true avouch/ of mine own eyes" (I. i . 55-57). It was a warning from Horatio that gave Prince Hamlet to fabricate his madness to more easily work out his plan of revenge. Horatio warns Hamlet, "... And there assume some other horrible form/ which might deprive your sovereignty of reason,/ and draw you into madness? Think of it " (I. iv. 72-74). Hamlet respected and adamantly listened to his father, so when the Ghost told him "but howsomeever thou pursues this act,/ taint not thy mind." (I. v. 83-84). Hamlet would surely listen and obey these wishes of his father from beyond the grave. Hamlet's first signs of his fraudulent insanity are revealed at a meeting with Ophelia. She describes him as "... No hat upon his head; his stocking's foul'd/ undergarter'd and down-gyved to his ancle/ pale as a shirt; his knees knocking eachother; ..." (II. i. 80-83). It is because of these seemingly insane actions that Polonius believes Hamlet to be truly demented. Polonius asks Ophelia if Hamlet is "Mad for thy love?" (II. i. 86); however already jumped to the conclusion that was indeed neurotic. The more fully convinced Hamlet could persuade the court members that he was insane, the easier he could seek hi revenge on king Claudius. Hamlet acts reasonable; not like an insane man by knowing that a faked madness would facilitate his plan, and being able to successfully undertake it further proves his sanity.

Wireless Lan Security Issues

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is the heart and centre of most businesses and industries in the world today. It is the deciding factor that drives businesses by ensuring that customers are kept satisfied enough to keep coming back. It’s a discipline that most organizations have found increasingly beneficial to invest in. Technology vendors have also seen the benefit and potential in manufacturing state-of-the-art software solutions that are capable of managing and handling the business processes of most organizations.To remain internationally competitive, there’s an urgent need for individuals and businesses to incorporate the principles of effective customer relationship management. The major CRM Vendors are Oracle, SAP and Microsoft. Other CRM technologies also exist that can serve the ever-evolving needs of organizations but these three solution providers are the major ones and they own a fair share of the market. CRM solutions and applications are continuall y evolving to improve the relationship between organizations and their customers.How CRM helps to build Relationships with Customers Customers’ needs are constantly evolving and it is no longer news that they are king. CRM solutions exist in a bid to build long-lasting relationships with these customers that all parties would benefit from. These solutions are developed with the sole objective of satisfying and exceeding the expectations of customers so that these customers may be retained for a lifetime and the practicing organizations can benefit from these relationships.Other major applications of customer relationship management are discussed as follows: †¢ CRM assists in maximizing the potential value of every customer; these benefits are seen in the overall corporate performance and optimal use of data within the organization †¢ CRM provides a platform for dealing with all customer concerns and issues that are related to the business. CRM Solutions also provide reports that are useful in developing marketing strategies and plans†¢ CRM also provides a platform for evaluating the needs of customers, determining which aspects of the business need improvement, ascertaining the level of frontline service and prioritizing the organization’s goals in a bid to retain customers and gain new ones (CRM Landmark, n. d. ). Describe the three CRM technologies used by marketing departments SAP is one of the major technologies used for marketing in most organizations today. The SAP Customer Relationship Management (SAP CRM) software is part of a comprehensive software suite known as the SAP Business Suite.It reduces costs and enhances decision-making with a long-term view. The software has features that can support core business functions such as marketing, sales, partner channel management, service, interaction center, web channel and business communications management (SAP, 2009). Oracle’s CRM solution is based on information-driven sales, marketing and service. It has an open-standards architecture that can easily be integrated into any existing framework in most organizations.It has the capability to isolate and streamline key business processes, improve the quality of data used for decision making and ensure that key decisions are made by people that have access to the same source of data. Oracle has a robust range of CRM applications that can be deployed in almost any type of location and during any phase of CRM introduction (Oracle, 2009). Microsoft invented a solution known as the Microsoft Dynamics CRM Solution. Microsoft's CRM solution focuses on communication as the core aspect of customer relations. It provides a solution that helps to define an effective method of communication and collaboration.It has a platform through which sales, service and marketing staff can share information in a manner that is seamless for the overall benefit of the customer. Through the software, it is possible to establish an overall view of sales trends, buying patterns, consumer behaviour and track the results of customer service on a real time basis. One major advantage that Microsoft CRM holds is its easy integration with existing Microsoft products such as Outlook, SharePoint portal, web browsers, mobile devices and other office applications (Microsoft Corporation, 2009).Describe and differentiate the CRM technologies used by sales departments and customer service departments. Sales and customer service work hand-in-hand. There’s no way to accomplish one without the other. Technologies that focus on sales basically help to automate sales processes without identifying what exactly the customer wants. On the other hand, technologies that focus on CRM help in designing successful campaigns, building on what the customer wants and how the customer can be successfully retained (CRM Landmark, n. d. ).Most CRM vendors now realize that these two applications work together and have resorted to pro ducing them in a single package. CRM technologies used by sales departments and customer service departments are often similar. Most vendors package these applications in a manner that allows both departments to fully utilize the CRM software. Conclusion IT plays a major role in the deployment of CRM solutions. It acts as an enabler for ensuring that customers continually have access to what they need and when they need it. It is no doubt that CRM solutions are a worthwhile investment and are here to stay.For these applications to work, it is necessary to provide people with the right skill sets and training facilities that will ensure that up-to-date technologies are maintained and deployed. In addition, CRM technologies need to be planned and staff must be guided through a comprehensive change management program to ensure a successful deployment. It will be exciting to see what the future holds for these software solutions. References CRM Landmark. (n. d. ). The Differences Betwee n Sales Force Automation and Customer Relationship Management.Retrieved April 27, 2009, from CRM Landmark: http://www. crmlandmark. com/crmjourney_sfaandcrm. htm Microsoft Corporation. (2009). Microsoft Dynamics CRM. Retrieved April 26, 2009, from Microsoft Corporation: http://www. microsoft. com/dynamics/crm/default. mspx Oracle. (2009). Customer Relationship Management. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from Oracle: http://www. oracle. com/applications/crm/index. html SAP. (2009). SAP CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT. Retrieved April 27, 2009, from http://www. sap. com/solutions/business-suite/crm/businessbenefits/index. epx

Information Technology Profession Essay

Information Technology plays an important role in today’s society. It plays the role of an enabler of social goals as well as business objectives of the organizations. IT professionals are involved in creating IT infrastructure and communication networks. Another set of IT professionals create applications that run on these IT infrastructure and network. These applications help to deliver with speed, the social programs of governments as well as enable business transactions to be conducted with accuracy, speed and ease. With the Internet access gaining popularity and the increasing volume and variety of information, the information technology has revolutionized the world with the IT professionals leading the change. IT as a profession has the primary responsibility of implementing projects and programs which can help in realizing the goals of an organization. Implementing IT requires a thorough understanding of business processes, knowledge of technologies available and working with a group of people who deliver as a team. At times, the technology bit is a small portion of the entire IT work, though a very important one. Technology roles in IT comprise of hardware and network professionals, programmers, database and storage professionals, software testers and project managers. A very important set of IT professionals are those who maintain and support the IT applications. These are people who ensure that the systems are always available for business use. Support professionals ensure the integrity and stability of the IT applications post implementation. IT requires a good educational background with some amount of proven analytical skills. IT professionals develop and mature in their careers over a period of time and so the people who are required in IT are essentially educated and intelligent people but they are not offered a fast paced career as they think they deserve. Data shows the level of declining interests in the field of computing research (Zweben, 2008). Also, the current negative perception of the job market is seen as the prime factor for the decline in the American students opting for IT as a career. There is a wide perception that the jobs in IT are endangered due to outsourcing (Murphy, 2008). This is not so. The US has the highest number of IT professionals and the only jobs outsourced are the ones which can be done by a lower level of skills. Most of the job portals offer a range of IT jobs and one should be able to gather information about various types of IT career options from job portals as well as IT organizations websites.

Wilderness Ethics essays

Wilderness Ethics essays Wildlife can be found all over the world. Animals come in all shapes and sizes and some still havent even been accounted for. Animals were on this planet long before man, but they may not be here when man leaves. The animals downfall results from the extensive studying, exploitation, and the destruction of their habitats, which should be against the law. There is a lot of information that can still be learned about certain species of animals. This information is good, only if it furthers human knowledge and the animals well being. Studies done on animals involve clinical research. Taking an animal out of the wild simply to research it for common knowledge is unnecessary. Information on any animal can be gained by observation of the animal in its own natural habitat. Altering the behavior of animals is a different form of injustice. The best example of the behavioral alteration is the circus. Under the big top of the circus, wild animals are taught to do tricks upon command. The audience sees obediently trained animals; but cannot see the process that it takes to tame those wild animals. The wild animals have a home in the circus until they lose their ability to perform. When the animals lose their ability to perform, they also lose their ability to fend for themselves in the wild. Therefore once their career in the circus is over, they must remain in captivity for the rest of their lives. Zoos are another business that profits at the expense of animals. Wild animals are hunted down and purposely taken from their habitat only to be put in cages. Over the years, zoos have become nicer and can accommodate a large number of species, but they are not the best home for animals. A life behind iron bars cannot compare to the life the animals would have running or flying free in the wild. The zoos only justification is that the animals ...

Budgeting and Financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Budgeting and Financing - Essay Example No matter how one refer to it, it's a tool to help him/her to prioritize spending and manage money-no matter how much or how little he/she has. A fiscal deficit is regarded by some as a positive economic event. For example, economist John Maynard Keynes believed that deficits help countries climb out of economic recession. On the other hand, fiscal conservatives feel that governments should avoid deficits in favor of a balanced budget policy. Fiscal deficit is an economic phenomenon, where the Government's total expenditure surpasses the revenue generated. It is the difference between the government's total receipts (excluding borrowing) and total expenditure. Fiscal deficit gives the signal to the government about the total borrowing requirements from all sources. The fiscal deficit is the difference between the government's total expenditure and its total receipts (excluding borrowing). The elements of the fiscal deficit are (a) the revenue deficit, which is the difference between the government's current (or revenue) expenditure and total current receipts (that is, excluding borrowing) and (b) capital expenditure. The fiscal deficit can be financed by borrowing from the Reserve Bank of UK (which is also called deficit financing or money creation) and market borrowing (from the money market that is mainly from banks). It is the fund used by an establishment to produce physical assets like property, equipments or industrial buildings. Capital expenditure is made by the establishment to consistently maintain the operational activities. Arguments: Fiscal deficit lead to inflation According to the view of renowned economist John Maynard Keynes, fiscal deficits facilitate nations to escape from economic recession. From another point of view, it is believed that government needs to avoid deficits to maintain a balanced budget policy. In order to relate high fiscal deficit to inflation, some economists believe that the portion of fiscal deficit. Expert recommendation Financial advisors recommend that the Government should not promote disinvestment to reduce fiscal deficits. Fiscal deficit can be reduced by bringing up revenues or by lowering expenditure. Logically, there are two ways in which the fiscal deficit can be reduced - by raising revenues or by reducing expenditure. However given the character of our State and the constraints of a liberalized economy, the government has not increased revenues. In fact, in budget after budget the government has actually given away tax cuts to the rich. Even when it has tried to raise revenues, it has been through counterproductive means like disinvestment. The main impact of the policy of reduced fiscal deficits has therefore been on the government's expenditure. This has had a number of effects. First, government investment in sectors such as agriculture has been cut. Secondly, expenditure on social sectors like education, health and poverty alleviation has been reduced leading to greater hardship for the poor already bearing the brunt of liberalization. Perhaps most importantly, in an economy going through a recession the government is not allowed to play any role in boosting demand. CATEGORY B Q. No. 1 Why

Health and Communities week 16150 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health and Communities week 16150 - Assignment Example HIV patients require exceptional health needs, which have negative influences to the global economies due to the necessity to manufacture drugs that improve lives of the ailing individuals (Shi & Stevens, 2010). Science, policy, and practice ought to be integrated and utilized in the alleviation of the HIV pandemic. Integration of these factors can direct to development of strategies that can be utilized to bring about positive influences towards the matter. Utilization of science concepts can practically enable development of drugs that can be utilized to thwart further spread of the disease (UNESCO, 2008). Additionally, policy can ensure that individuals with the illness avoid spread to the healthy individuals. Consequently, the overall spread can be substantially minimized through integration of these imperative concepts. Science can enable collection of imperative information concerning that can be practically applied to educator communities regarding the HIV pandemic. However, this can be realized via effectual policies and programs that concentrate on the global matter. Policy architects and implementers can utilize the information in the creation of education systems to disseminate i nformation to all regions across the globe (UNESCO, 2008). The epidemiological resources can enable healthiness officials and policy makers develop mechanisms to prevent further spread in different regions across the globe. The resources can allow policy makers to establish the predisposing factors thus enable them to tackle the matter